Design of Wind Turbine Control

Structure of Wind Turbine Control Unique The principle target of this report is the structure and investigation of the control of the breeze turbine. So as to guarantee an effective vitality catch from the breeze and simultaneously the moderation of burdens at regular frequencies, it will be structured the working technique of the machine. Besides, the control of the breeze turbine will be additionally structured so as to guarantee a steady exhibition of the framework given the stochastic idea of the breeze. As a last undertaking, it will be broke down the distinctions and significance of having a framework with a decent or decreased hybrid recurrence. Presentation The misuse of wind vitality is without a doubt the most well known device for the handling of environmental change everywhere throughout the world. The advancement of wind turbines has prompted a variable speed pitch managed design that expects to extricate vitality from the breeze as proficiently as could reasonably be expected. As the infiltration of wind vitality turns out to be increasingly more noteworthy in current force frameworks, there is a need to meet certain rules and nature of age so as to keep up the dependability and security of gracefully over specific levels. So as to accomplish a streamline vitality catch and keep the machine from unreasonable burdens, the structure of both working procedure and controller of the plant should be done. The trouble of the plan depends on the stochastic idea of the breeze, so a cautiously and nitty gritty methodology is required. Additionally, as the controller of the turbine is the core of its activity, the plan of this will turn out to be increasingly more troublesome with the size of the turbine [1]. The bigger the turbine, the more basically adaptable the mechanical parts will become and it is now where the exhaustion loads become a significant worry, as they are firmly identified with the working existence of the machine and furthermore to the operational and upkeep costs. The reason for this report is to feature the significance of the controller and the commitment to the vitality catch, just as the plan of an appropriate working technique that augmented the decrease of burdens while guaranteeing an effective execution. 2.1 Baseline and method The primary goal of the control plan of any wind turbine is to acquire a decent exchange off among vitality and burdens. In factor speed pitch managed turbines it is controlled both pitch and torque. The previous is controlled to confine the streamlined force in above-appraised power (consequently, the heaps), while the last is basically used to control the transmission torque in above evaluated wind speeds and to augment vitality catch underneath the appraised power area. The working procedure must be cautiously plan so as to accomplish most extreme force catch while restricting the streamlined burdens in the mechanical pieces of the breeze turbine, as they are basic parts of the lifetime of the machine. Subsequently, the structure of the working system must incorporate burden decrease as an express target. In this report, the structure of the working methodology has been done with a unique spotlight on the control of the pinnacle and drive train resonances, just as the relief of th e cutting edge loads. So as to structure the working system, it has been given a model of a 1.5 MW variable speed, pitch managed turbine. In the model, it was gotten the mechanical attributes of the machine (Blade length, Gearbox proportion, etc), alongside the force coefficient esteems for underneath evaluated activity, where the pitch of the sharp edges was - 2 degrees and is fixed for beneath appraised activity. With the above information, it was conceivable to set the Cp-Þâ » bend of the machine. This kind of bends are utilized in wind turbine configuration to acquire rotor power for any mix of rotor and wind speed. By building this bend it is conceivable to get the most extreme force catch. This is given by the force coefficient Cp, that it is a connection between the force in the breeze stream and the force created by the turbine [2]. The ideal working system must attempt to accomplish the most extreme force catch, and consequently the greatest estimation of Cp, and such working point decides th e ideal tip speed proportion (Þâ »), which is the proportion between the rotor speed and the breeze speed. When the ideal purpose of intensity extraction is set, it is conceivable to assemble the model of the machine. For this machine, the generator will work in a range between 1 rad/s and 170 rad/s. In this manner, having the gearbox proportion, it is conceivable to acquire the rotor speed given the accompanying condition: By acquiring the scope of rotor paces of the machine, it would now be able to be determined the essential breeze speed for every rotor speed with the accompanying condition: Where Þâ » speaks to the ideal tip speed proportion of the machine, which compares to an estimation of 8.4 in this plan (for a Cpmax of 0.47). This scope of wind speeds is utilized to acquire the streamlined torque, which is an element of the rotor speed and wind speed (when the pitch edge is fixed). Along these lines, it is conceivable to infer the air torque by the accompanying condition: Where the estimations of and relate to the ideal working point. That is, for a given breeze speed and rotor speed, the goal is to create a torque with the end goal that the force extraction from the breeze is greatest. Accordingly, the above condition will give the torque esteems to the most extreme vitality following district. Then again, it is important to get the generator torque, as this will be utilized so as to decide the finish of the first and second steady speed (To and T1). As it tends to be found in the condition beneath, the damping misfortunes have been thought of. For this structure, a damping of 5 has been accepted. The generator toque can be gotten by the accompanying condition. Presently it is conceivable to get the force created in the machine by having a proficiency of 95% in this machine: Also, the torque at evaluated intensity of the machine is given by: Where the evaluated power bend crosses with the subsequent steady speed line, will decide the torque which will produce at above appraised activity. At long last, it has been determined the qualities for the steady speed bends of the working methodology. It has been applied condition 2.3, setting the breeze speed steady (from 4 m/s to 12m/s) and determined the torque for the various estimations of Cp and Þâ ». The subsequent working procedure will be with the end goal that will cross each steady wind speed by where is the ideal force extraction point (Cpmax). 2.2 Operating procedure process A few components must be considered in a working technique structure. Having gotten the qualities in the past segment, it is conceivable to plot the most extreme force extraction bend. The plan must have unique spotlight on the normal frequencies of the pinnacle and cutting edges. For this structure, it has been given the common frequencies of the two segments. For the pinnacle, the side-side and front toward the back frequencies. For the sharp edges, the edge and fold frequencies were given. In light of this, it must be investigated and contrast those frequencies and the rotor speed (P), the 3P and the 6P part. It is alluring to plan a working system that abstains from working at products of the basic frequencies, as they are basic purposes of activity where the mechanical burdens increment and the lifetime of the turbine can be decreased because of weakness loads. Also, the methodology must guarantee a smooth exchanging at the first and second steady speeds with the working bend. This has been accomplished by setting both steady speed lines with a base length, in such way that the controller of the turbine is exchanging the to various activity modes exorbitantly, as this could diminish the productivity of the machine. Another significant viewpoint to see when planning the working system, is to guarantee that the breeze turbine activity isn't near the slow down front. The slow down front bend is the bend that associates the most extreme purpose of the consistent breeze speed bends. It decides the start of the slow down locale where the sharp edges will be presented to high loads and the force extraction won't work effectively. In light of the abovementioned, the plan of the working technique was completed. The primary steady wind speed was set at 1.2 rad/s, maintaining a strategic distance from a 6P recurrence in the sharp edges (fold regular recurrence) that would show up at roughly 1 rad/s. As the plan of the working methodology must be an exchange off between vitality catch and decrease of burdens, it was chosen the above as the most ideal alternative for this machine. Rotor speed (rad/s) Generator torque (Nm) Streamlined Torque (Nm) Clench hand steady speed district (end) T0 1.2 1432.923 163076 Second steady speed district (starting) T1 2.02 4640.24 462004 Appraised torque 2.02 10137 853106 Table 2.0 generator torque at steady speed exchanging point The start of the subsequent steady speed district is controlled by the most extreme generator speed which has been set at 170 rad/s (2.02 rad/s at the rotor side). It very well may be found in Figure 2.0 the working technique bend of the machine, where it tends to be evaluated that the working system has maintained a strategic distance from the 6P regular recurrence expressed previously. The slow down area is far enough from the working locale of the machine, guaranteeing a decent exhibition and better productivity. Figure 2.0 Aerodynamic torque-rotor speed graph. Working technique bend of the breeze turbine 2.3 Discussion of results By and large terms, the plan of the machine has been effectively done, as it tends to be found in Figure 2.0, covering the accompanying basic parts of any working methodology of a breeze turbine: After deliberately broke down the regular frequencies and contrasted and the 3P and 6P reverberation frequencies, it has been set the cut-in speed of the machine at 1.2 rad/s. Additionally, this technique will guarantee that the damping misfortunes in the machine don't have unreasonable impact on the influence produced, as at extremely low rotor sp

Wave-current interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wave-current connection - Essay Example These amazing and shifted powers can unleash significant harm on a wide assortment of human movement, making â€Å"reliable expectation of wave movement in beach front regions †¦ pivotal to seaside building applications related with nearshore morphologic change and harbor/gulf support †¦ In certain territories, be that as it may, encompassing flowing and different flows can be solid and their impact on wave change can be generous. They make a Doppler move and cause wave refraction, reflection and breaking, which can bring about by and large redistribution of wave energy† (Chen, Panchang and Demirbilek, 2005). A comprehension of a few key terms is important to the conversation. The term wave-momentum collaboration is utilized to depict the different manners by which wave tallness, frequency and wave vitality are influenced when a wave experiences an ebb and flow (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, 1998). â€Å"Wave tallness is the good ways from a waves trough to its peak †¦ The peak is the highest point of a whole wave, the trough is at the base of the front of the wave† (Wave Basics, 2006). Frequency is commonly acknowledged to mean â€Å"the separation in an occasional wave between two purposes of relating stage in back to back cycles† (Stewart, 2005) or an estimation of â€Å"the length between the top purpose of one wave, and the highest point of the next† (Explaining Waves, 2005). Wave vitality can be clarified as a concentrated type of sun powered vitality as swells are made by the cooperation of wind on the water surface, moving sunligh t based vitality to the water (Ocean Wave Energy, 2005). Expectation of these wave movements are made entangled with the presentation of refraction, reflection and breaking. Refraction is â€Å"a process in which the wave peaks will in general equal the profundity contours† (Coastal Change, 2003) after entering shallow waters. â€Å"The impression of

Organizations Diversity Policy and Practices Report Analyses

Question: Portray about the Organizations Diversity Policy and Practices for Report Analyses. Answer: Official Summary The report investigations authoritative assorted variety in a social insurance unit of United States. The picked association is New York-Presbyterian Hospital. The medical clinic is not-for-profit instructing association. The report examinations multiculturalism and decent variety in the association. Because of an inundation of settlers and increment in populaces, social decent variety in the association is watched. The examination considers the job of nursing work power in the human services unit. Effect of differing workforce on patients results Because of inundation of migrant in nation, the New York-Presbyterian Hospital encounters social assorted variety among the nursing staffs. Heterogeneous patient base in the social insurance association is important to serve the patients in a productive way. The nursing staffs require carrying on reasonably to serve understanding with various qualities and alternate points of view. Pilips Malone (2014) referenced that a very much expanded work culture upgrades profitability in the social insurance unit. The degree of value administration gave to the patient abatements if social separation and provocations are available in medicinal services unit. In US, it is seen that the normal time of medical attendants has expanded from 39-43 years during most recent 10 years. In addition, the level of minority and ladies populace has expanded in work power. Number of youthful alumni is likewise expanding in nursing calling. Subsequently, decent variety is expanding both as far as culture and dialects. Racial segregation in America is still presents. Assorted variety in workforce lessens the separation in understanding consideration. According to report of US Agency of Healthcare and Research quality, the white patients get greater quality human services contrasted with minority and dark individuals (csahq.org, 2016). Effect of multiculturalism and assorted variety on human services Pilips Malone (2014) referenced that enrollment of minority nurture in the authority position can take out the social segregation and medicinal services incongruities in the human services unit. Aside from the racial separation, there are different sorts of social assorted varieties, for example, language, religion, sexual orientation, age and incapacities, financial status and so on. A decent act of culture requires being adaptable with other independent of various culture. In the event that the medical attendants can embrace the social want, they can have the option to give equivalent consideration to all the patients. Acknowledgment of social decent variety is required for different representatives of the human services unit to build the adequacy of the medicinal services administration of the foundation. Current enrollment and maintenance arrangements of New York-Presbyterian Hospital to discover holes between best practices and current strategies New York-Presbyterian Hospital assumes significant job in keeping up social assorted variety in the division of medication and essential medicinal services unit. This association offers significance to the enlistment of minority staff in both the patient consideration unit and research zone. The people group administration plan 2013 delivered by New York-Presbyterian Hospital features that the administration sorts out an improvement program to address wellbeing needs of minority and outsider networks by joint effort with nearby wellbeing specialist co-ops (nyp.org, 2013). As per the perspective on Douglas et al., (2014), the patients who experience the ill effects of ceaseless illnesses, destitution, and separation issue, face issues to get to social insurance because of social distinction. In this manner, it is significant for the social insurance units to address the issues for the improvement of human services framework. Usage of the strategy taken by the New York-Presbyterian Hos pital might be fruitful to expel variations in the social insurance benefits in the area. Appraisal of level of incorporation in the New York-Presbyterian Hospital and significance of multiculturalism During 2011, the New York-Presbyterian Hospital sorted out a territorial wellbeing community program to offer equivalent quality support to the patients having a place from various societies. They built up a populace based social insurance model to improve social assorted variety and information among the medicinal services specialist organization of the association (Carrillo et al., 2011). This model was created to diminish wellbeing incongruities at singular level just as populace level. Execution of the patient consideration model helped the association to give broad medicinal services administration to an enormous number of low salary gathering and Spanish-talking individuals in the locale. Proposals on proof based changes in framework Collective authority approach is compelling for the social insurance association, where the representatives need to cooperate to deliver common advantage in human services administration. Collective correspondence among the partners, information sharing, decrease in intricacy of authoritative structure can viably expand the nature of social insurance administrations (Al-Sawai, 2013). In training medical clinic like New York-Presbyterian Hospital, individuals have distinctive degree of obligations. Coordinated effort among a few divisions and workers expands the comprehension of various social practices in the association. The individual exertion of nursing administration and supervisor can spur the medicinal services specialist co-op to act reasonably with patients independent of various social foundation. References Al-Sawai, A. (2013). Authority of Healthcare Professionals: Where Do We Stand?. Oman Medical Journal, 28(4), 285-287. Recovered from https://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2013.79 Carrillo, J., Shekhani, N., Deland, E., Fleck, E., Mucaria, J., Guimento, R. et al. (2011). A Regional Health Collaborative Formed By NewYork-Presbyterian Aims To Improve The Health Of A Largely Hispanic Community. Wellbeing Affairs, 30(10), 1955-1964. Recovered from https://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0635 Douglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., Purnell, L. (2014). Rules for actualizing socially skilled nursing care. Diary of Transcultural Nursing, 25(2), 109121. nyp.org (2013). network administration plan 2013 Retrieved 2 August 2016, from https://www.nyp.org/pdf/communityserviceplan2013.pdf Pilips, J. M., Malone, B. (2014). Expanding racial/ethnic assorted variety in nursing to decrease wellbeing incongruities and accomplish wellbeing value. Nursing in 3D: Diversity, incongruities, and social determinants, 129(Supplement 2), 4550. Recovered fromhttps://www.publichealthreports.org/issueopen.cfm?articleID=3081 Why assorted variety matters in Health Care (2016). Recovered 2 August 2016, from https://www.csahq.org/pdf/notice/issue_12/Diversity.pdf

10 Best Clubs To Join In College By

Clubs add splashes of colors on your stay in campus. It can become a great source of support, especially during the rough weeks, or simply an outlet to combat stress. Whatever the case, joining a club while in college is definitely one of the key points of the taste of life away from home. The question is what are the best clubs to join in college? There is only one answer for that, the one where you know you will enjoy the most. Here are some of the best choices in choosing the best club to join in college.1. Build Your Own Club!We are not kidding. If you have a certain interest which you cannot find in any club available at your university, you can actually form a club of your own as long as it adheres to the policies of your school regarding club activities. Founding a club can also be a way of impressing your future employers, but ensure that you are willing to allot precious time on this club for it to flourish. Creating a club, or joining a club per se, requires as much passion as choosing a major in college because you are going to be with it for as long as you are studying.2. Food or Cooking ClubNo matter what course you are taking, a food or a cooking club will always be one of the best choice, because hello? Free food! Apart from the freebies, you can also utilize everything you will learn from this club for your own good for instance, it can give you ideas on quick and easy recipes for your wee-hours-of-the-night cravings, as well as allow you to learn the simple dorm meal recipes so you can finally start on that healthy lifestyle. Above all, if you are a culinary arts major, what best option could there be other than this club! (But, seriously though, this is really the best club you can join in college especially if it is your first time to be away from home and living the dorm life.3. Helping Hand for Animals ClubThere is probably one club named like this somewhere out there, but that is not specifically what we mean here. Regardless of who you a re or where you come from, you will definitely need a quiet time at least once every two weeks to maintain your peace of mind amid all your academic papers and it does not have to be really quiet. It can be perfect especially when you use your free time in aiding a few of our furry friends out there who are in need of love. If you are an animal lover, this club is perfect for you and the level of happiness one can get from simply helping out can never be matched. Who knows? Spending some time with these animals in need can give you an idea on your future research papers or dissertation, or maybe give you an idea on how to write your law essay.4. Sorority/FraternityIt may be a little difficult for some to make new friends in college, and there will come a time that one will just think of letting it be, however, note that a friend is an important college must-have and a sorority or a fraternity is the best way to meet people who share common interests with you. The idea of joining a sorority or fraternity group carries a number of misconceptions, sometimes weighed more than its official purpose to promote camaraderie among a sisterhood or brotherhood without judgment. It is not just to make you look cool, it is a chance to know yourself better. Furthermore, such organizations will give you a number of opportunities to meet new people and form connections which can ignite an exchange of ideas to help you widen your ideas. Sororities or fraternities are usually designed to offer community service.5. Religion-Related ClubThe contemporary society is peppered with a lot of rights and it is your right to practice your own belief as long as you do not step on the rights of other people, and a university-based club related to your religious beliefs exercises that freedom well.6. Performing (Cultural) ClubAn acting club is not always available in the university scene, and if it is indeed unavailable in where you are, refer to item one. Passion starts to grow in middle school, and we all develop hobbies and talents in those crucial years including performing. Remember that you cannot let that passionate part of you to wither away just to look cool because the reality is we all need the art to survive. Being a college student does not mean you need to forget all about singing, dancing, or acting - it is just a matter of time management. Lets face it... Books and knowledge feed the mind, but arts and beauty feed the heart.7. Photography ClubIf you love art but are not the performing type, surely, you are the one who moves within the silent realm of beauty with a camera on your hand. At some point, you will find yourself at loss with all the academic assignments you need to deal with and stress can only make your desk messier, and believe it or not, forcing yourself to deal with it is just another waste of time. You need to stand up and walk away from your study desk for a few hours and do something else - grab that camera that has been missing you f or quite some time, and walk around outside. Your talent will come back and snapping away the scenes you see outside will rest your mind. Of course, make this experience better with other people who shares the same hobby. Maybe learn to operate a vintage SLR, develop your own stills in a red room, and talk to people. Know that your mind can be exhausted even though the body is well-rested.8. Gamers ClubYour video games might be the main cause of why you end up having a date with Mr. Procrastination, so might as well use that hobby of yours to form real-life friends and connection. Furthermore, finding a club that focuses on the gaming activity will straighten out your schedule. This type of club will give you a set time for gaming, so you can use the rest of the day meeting your schools requirements. The other members could also become your study group. Aside from playing games being a simple hobby, it can also help you how to generate income from likes and in terms of views, shares , and likes simply by video streaming your online.9. Entrepreneurship ClubFor all the sales or business major students out there who wish to hone their skills in the field, an entrepreneurship club will work wonders for you. Primarily, this club will allow you to practice the industry you are aiming for, and that includes the benefit of seeing practical errors and correcting them first-hand - an advantage you can have up your sleeve when you finally pave your way into the business world. The mere joining of this kind of club will also improve your public speaking and persuasion skills, because, well... Sales! You will be able to develop a product, craft a marketing research for it, concoct an advertising plan, and actually make a few bucks. Now, if you are indeed passionate about this course, you will certainly have the time of your life as you continue to learn.10. The School PaperMore often than not, every university has its own student paper, and there are a number of writers in every classroom. If you are well-aware of your talents in writing, then it would not hurt you to try to join the campus newspaper team. It does not have to writing about current events in the university, it can be about anything. Awaken your writing spirit, and grab the opportunity toimprove your writing skills within the same location you are taking your academic course.Hear some thoughts of various students about being engaged with various extra-curricular activities like joining fraternities or sororities:Essay writing service for studentsAs you ponder on your club choices, you should remember that joining clubs entail heavier workloads. You may find yourself struggling to find time for other activities, and where do you squeeze in those essays due days from now? is an academic writing service, dedicated to helping students like you. Our services encompass many writing projects, from the simplest of things like your custom essay, down to the more complex ones like your custom re search papers and custom dissertations.

Essay On How To Build The Future - 906 Words

Welcome to How to Build the Future. Today, our guest is Mark Zuckerberg. Mark, you have built one of the most influential companies in the history of the world. So we are especially excited that you’re here. I’m not sure where to go from there. Why don’t we start with just the early days of Facebook? Tell us what it was like when you started it. Sure. So for me, the thing that I was really fascinated by and always have been is people and how people work. You know, when I was in college, I studied psychology and computer science. And you know, one of the things that you learn when you study psychology is that there are all these parts of the brain which are geared just towards understanding people. Understanding language, how to†¦show more content†¦There’s nothing that was like super interesting there. But that just struck me as you know, people have this deep thirst to understand what is going on with those around them. And you know, there were probably, you know, 10 other things like that I built when I was at Harvard before I actually got around to building the first version of Facebook. That kind of added a lot of these things together. So as you look back, is there something that made Facebook different from the other projects that you have built that allowed it to turn into this, the company it is today? Well, for one, I think we kept going, right? So I mean, the others, I mean â€Å"Course Match† and you know, just the other different crowdsource tools you know, they kind of served their purpose and then we were done. Whereas with Facebook, there’s just such†¦You know, people loved it and had such an intensity of using it. I think within a couple of weeks, two-thirds of the students at Harvard were using it. And all these other students at MIT and other local universities were writing in, asking us if we could open up Facebook at their school, so we kind of just followed that. 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The Legislative Branch free essay sample

The Legislative Process A. The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill to Congress. B. A bill must pass through both houses of Congress before it goes to the President for consideration. III. Powers Of Congress A. All legislative powers in the government are controlled by Congress; making new laws or changing existing laws. B. The powers of Congress fall into three categories: special, implied, and expressed. Our Government: The Legislative Branch What is the Legislative Branch? Article I of the Constitution talks about the Legislative Branch. The Legislative Branch is the branch of the federal and state governments empowered to make the laws that are the enforced by the executive branch and interpreted by the judicial branch. The Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate which forms U. S. Congress. If a states population increases, that means the number of representatives increases also. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legislative Branch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were 59 members at the first session of the House of Representatives. Today the House of Representatives consists of 435 members divided among the 50 states. Members of this house are elected every two years and must be at least 25 years of age. Also they must be a U. S citizen for at least seven years. The House has quite a few powers such as initiating revenue bills, and electing the President in an electoral tie. Now the Senate consists of 100 senators, 2 for every state. To become a senator, you must be at least 30 years old, a U. S citizen for at least nine years, and resides in the state that you represent. Senators are elected to six year terms by the people. Only the Senate can approve or reject treaties and presidential nominations for government offices. Senators terms are spread over a period of time so about one third of the Senate is up for reelection every two years. The vice president may cast the decisive vote in an event of a tie in the Senate because he serves as President of the Senate. In order to pass a law and send it to the President for his signature, the House of Representatives and the Senate must both agree on the law. If the President vetoes a law, they may overrule his veto by passing that law again in each chamber with at least two thirds of each body voting in favor. The Legislative Process The Legislative Process officially begins with a proposal in one of four forms: Bill, Joint Resolution, Concurrent Resolutions, and Simple Resolutions. But bills are the most common so I’m going to talk about the bill. The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill. Members of the House of Representatives and the Senate both come up with a bill for consideration by the Congress. The President, head of a Federal agency, or a member of a cabinet can also propose legislation. When a bill is introduced, the title of the bill goes in the House Journal and printed into the Congressional Record. The clerk assigns the bill a legislative number and the Speaker of the House assigns the bill to the appropriate committee. Next, the bill is debated on the floor and then sent to the committee. Once the bill is revised, it is brought before the House of Representatives and Senate for consent again. The bill may be referred to a conference committee committee composed of both the House and Senate to settle differences in similar bills. Committee rejects the bills by not acting on them. The bill is then brought before both the House of Representatives and Senate for approval. Members of them both vote on the final version of the bill. If the bill is approved by the House and Senate, it is sent to the President. When the President receives the bill, he may sign, veto, or pocket veto the bill. If he signs it, the bill becomes a law. If he vetoes it, it goes back to Congress for redrafting or Congress can override the veto with two-thirds majority vote in both chambers. If the President does not return the bill to Congress with his disagreements within 10 days or so, the bill can automatically become a law. If Congress adjourns before the 10 day period, the bill is vetoed. And if Congress wants to pass this legislation, they must begin an entire new process. Once the bill is signed by the President, the laws are given public law numbers and copied in printed form as slip laws. These Public Laws are then bound into the Statues of Large. In each two-year session, thousands of bills come before Congress. Almost twelve thousand bills were introduced in Congress in one recent session. Less than five hundred were enacted into law. Powers of Congress Congress is the only part in the government that can make new laws or change existing ones. The President may veto bills Congress passes, but Congress may override a veto by two-thirds a vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Congress is also empowered to pass laws deemed â€Å"necessary and proper† for the carrying out of powers given to any part of the government. Powers granted to Congress fall into three categories: implied, expressed, and special. Implied Powers are powers not listed in the Constitution. They come from and depend on expressed powers of the government. The basis for implied powers comes from the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution, Article 1, Section 8. Another name for implied powers is called the elastic clause because it stretches the power of the government. Implied powers have helped the government enhance its authority to meet the many problems and situations that the Framers unseen. Expressed Powers are those powers explicitly named in the Constitution. They grant the legislative branch a large amount of authority over American national policy, both domestic and foreign. The Constitution states that the Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, imposts, duties, excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all imposts, duties, and excises shall be uniformed throughout the United States (Brady). There are a total of 27 expressed powers listed in the Constitution. Congress retains a number of special powers. It can act as a judicial body to impeach and try a president or other civil officer for misconduct. For example, the House of Representatives impeaches the official and Senate does a trial. Congress is also empowered to create and use administrative agencies and boards, such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, to determine facts and to enforce its legislative policies and enactments. Other than that, the Constitution vests each house of Congress with different powers as well.   References: Collins, Philip R. Power of Congressional Committees of Investigation to Obtain Information from the Executive Branch: The Argument for the Legislative Branch. Geo. lj 39 (1950): 563. Edin, Per-Anders, and Henry Ohlsson. Political determinants of budget deficits: Coalition effects versus minority effects. European Economic Review 35.8 (1991): 1597-1603. Evans, C. Lawrence. Politics of Congressional Reform. The Legislative Branch (2005): 490-524. Cohen, Julius. Judicial Legisputation and the Dimensions of Legislative Meaning. Ind. LJ 36 (1960): 414. De Haan, Jakob, Jan-Egbert Sturm, and Geert Beekhuis. The weak government thesis: Some new evidence. Public Choice 101.3 (1999): 163-176. Schickler, Eric. Institutional Development of Congress. The Legislative Branch (2005): 35-62.

Its effect maranao culture free essay sample

In our paper which is â€Å"Modern Life: Its Effect in Maranao Culture’’ the member of this group are all Maranaos which is we can all relate to the topic, it has many changes nowadays in our generation, the Maranao was slightly lost because of new technology and by the affection of some adapting other culture. As a one of Maranao youth, we are the one who let our tradition to forget our tradition of cultures. In this case, people who belong to this culture must know what she/he should do. Which we can found out about traditions, fashion and styles, food etc. and look back from past to present, we can realize that some of this were already forgotten and hidden through the effects of the modern life which Maranao’s are adopting the other tradition and culture. We as youth of this culture, we are focusing to our culture to highlight this case for us to be aware of this changing environment of the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Its effect maranao culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, we would like to measure how the culture is far from primitive life of Maranao and encourage ourselves to be aware to this problem. Is this modern life affecting the image of MARANAO CULTURE? Are maranao youth is concern to this situation? Otherwise, how can we handle and improve this case. II. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MARANAO CULTURE A. According to Education The past culture of the maranao is uneducated they don’t know how to write and how to read in this since that they believed that education is not important in their lives, they don’t care about education the most important of them is money, and also they are very strict in terms of money. Most of their parents do not agree in education and they cannot send their children in school because most of them believe that even though you are professional you cannot earn money, and they are jobless. Not like now the most the maranao really want their children to finish the college degree, and even though there is no wealth to leave for them. The important is the education for them, there is a time that wealth can let from you and remember that your knowledge or education is always there to help you to become a better person. As a Muslim, we all know that our parents are not always there hoping for this money or wealth, we cannot stand for our foot. So let us stand by our own feet by educating ourselves. B. According to Fashion style Malong- a malong bearing â€Å"okir† designs. Meanwhile, the malong is a traditional â€Å"tube skirt† made of hard woven or machine-made multi-colored cotton cloth, bearing a variety of geometric or okir design. The malong is akin to the sarong worn by people in Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia. The malong is traditionally used as a garment by numerous tribes in the southern Philippines and sulu archipelago. Usually, hand woven malongs made by Maranaos, Maguindanao, and t’boli Weavers on a back strap loom. The pattern or style of the malong may indicate the weaver’s tribal origin, such as the Maranao malong landap. Very rare malong design and styles can indicate the village in which the malong was made, for example, the extremely intricate malong rawatan made only by handful or maranao weavers in Lanao del sur, Mindanao. Hand woven malongs, which are costly malong, are likely to be used only at social function to display the social and economic status of the wearer. While modern malongs are made of cotton and lurex threads. Some contemporary hand woven malongs are made of expensive rayon thread, to reduce the manufacturing cost to the weaver and ultimate cost to the consumer. There are many gardens of cotton thread, and cost of the malong can also be every by using the uses grades of cotton thread, or by creating a loose coarse weave. Machine-made printed cotton malongs are made in Indonesia specifically for export to the Philippines and are commonly referred to as â€Å"Batik† because the item is imported those in expensive machine made malongs are used for very purpose. The malongs can function as a skirt for both men and women, a dress, blanket, a sunshade, a bed sheet, a dressing room, a hammock, a prayer mat and other purpose it new born is wrapped in a malong, and as grows this piece of cloth become a part of his daily life. When he is dies, he is once again wrapped in a malong. Among traditional tribal peoples, the malong is used in everyday life. Even if an areas where people wear western style clothing during the day, the malong commonly used as sleepwear. The malong is also use in very big festivals; they wear this to show respect. C. According to Rites / Rituals Kinship System. There are special practices in the address system when one deals with the royalty and nobility (i. e. the datu and salip). One never or seldom refers to a datu as Datu X. The normal practice is to use teknonymy, i. e. by reference to his first child. Thus, Datu X should be called Bapaq ni Y. Among the nobility, bapaq is preferred to the more common ama. Courtship and Marriage. Marriage in Maranaw society is not just a simple romantic one-to-one relationship between boy and girl; rather, it is a fusion by affinal ties of two families seeking to establish socioeconomic and political relations with one another. Traditional marriage has therefore always been contracted through parents, although the practice is slowly becoming modified to conform with the times. It is, therefore, clear why the reckoning of the salsila, genealogical record, occupies a significant niche in the Maranaw mind. In fact, in considering marriage, what the pananalsila salsila expert says or reveals about the lineage of the parties concerned can become crucial in the decision to proceed with the marriage or not. It is part of ones group consciousness or pride (maratabat) to see the individuals marriage establishes strong family relations. The fact that the Maranao marriage involves more than just two individuals makes it a big social event from the start. The exchanges of poetic ballads (bayok) and courtship language (kadadaonga) between the parties involved, through go-betweens and spokesmen, become a form of nightly entertainment for the entire village. People congregate and socialize on these occasions. It may not even be too far-fetched to assume that gatherings like this contribute to the development of social cohesiveness within the village or between the two villages to which the two families belong. If the negotiations on the bride-price (sunggod) goes smoothly, the parties determine the wedding date and the various details of the wedding celebration. As the wedding day (kambitiara) draws near, arches are built and buntings of various sizes and shapes are hung. For at least a week before the kambitiara, kulintang music accompanied bossed gongs and drums create an atmosphere of festivities. Sports, like the kasipa sa manggis (a game of skill, the aim of which is to drop a suspended cube by kicking a rattan ball) is indulged in. And finally, on the wedding day itself, the groom arrives in a very colorful procession, attired in the most expensive wedding costume the family can afford. The wedding rite (kakawing) itself is simple. The imam holds his thumb up with the thumb of the groom and covers them with a white handkerchief. He recites a prayer from a Holy Quran, gives advice to the groom, and asks the consent of the womans parents. This done, he searches for the bride who has been hidden all this time somewhere in the house. When he finds her, he touches or kisses her forehead, marking the beginning of the couples marital life. D. According to Tradition Maranao is the term used for the people of lanao, a predominantly Muslim region in the Philippines islands of Mindanao. They are famous for their artworks, sophisticated weaving, wood, and metal craft, and their epic literature. The word Maranao, also spelled Maranaw, means â€Å"people of the lake† referring to the indigenous people who inhabited the lands around lake lanao whose principal town is Marawi city. The Maranaos are part of the wider moro ethnic group, whose constitute the sixth largest Filipino ethnic group. The life of the Maranao is centered on Lake Lanao, the largest in Mindanao, and the second largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. This breathtaking beautiful lake surrounded with myths and legends, it is the main source of fisheries, and the main source of hydroelectric plant installed on it, and the Agus River that generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A-commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi city, the provincial capital. a. Language Maranaos is an Austronesian language spoken by the maranao people in the province of Lanao Del Norte and Lanao Del Sur in the Philippines. The language of these people is called Maranaw or Maranao. The difference is only a matter of spelling. The term Iranon, if used, refers to a speech variant of Maranaw. In 1948, the Census stated that there were 135,241 who were able to speak Maranaw. In 1960, the number of mother-tongue speakers was 150,674. In 1970, this figure increased to 541,838. b. Art and Musical heritage Maranaw art is very distinctive. Mats and cloth from Lanao are decked in flamboyant colors. Intricate traditional designs grace the peoples gleaming brassware and handicraft. The Maranaws weave not only cloth and mats but also bags, centerpieces, placemats, and unique neckties. Sarimanok is a legendary bird of the Maranao that has become a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depected as a fowl with colourful wings and fethered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune. The native Maranao have a fascinating culture that revolves around kulintang music, a specific type of going music, found among both muslim and non- muslim group of southern Philippines. Biyola is another instrument for the Maranao people to use Biyola is a string instrument. Music is another important part of the culture. However, it should be noted that there is a distinction between music for rituals, which is basically vocal without instruments, and music for entertainment. Kulintang (brass gongs), kagandang (war drums), ceremonial dances and kambaioka (singers or chanters of improvised poetic compositions) are played on various occasions. The gabbang is similar to a xylophone, whilesuling and saunay are wind instruments. The biyula is a string instrument, and the kulintangan is an ensemble of gongs and drums. The kudyapi is a two-stringed lute plucked to make beautiful sounds. The kubing (jew’s harp) is made of bamboo and believed to make words and tell stories, if the audience could understand the language of music. Moro musicality is also seen in songs and dances. For the Tausug, there are songs called kissa , which tell about the love of datus and princesses, while heroic songs are contained in parang sibil. The Maranao kandidiagaois a melodious lament over the dead. There are five major types of songs for the Maranao. The kambaiok is the free rhythmic rendering of the baiok, which is improvised poetry. Kandarangen is accompanied by a gong or other similar instruments. Kadikir is sung by singers in slow, free rhythm and speaks of verses from the Qur’an and Maranao compositions with topics on Islam, morals, life, and death. Kandomana is a combination of styles of Kandarangen and Kadikir. Lastly, kapranon is a song of private sentimentality sung softly. c. Cuisine Exquisite Maranao cuisine and hospitality are palpable. They are known of having a spicy taste in their foods. A condenment made of traditionally cultivated spices, locally known, as Palapa is one of their distinguished cuisine symbols. It is made of stewed scallion bulbs or â€Å"Sakurab’’ in Maranao. They thinly sliced scallion bulbs and ginger are caramelized by slow cooking and mixed with chilies little coconut oil. Paganamaranao is their native way to welcome special guests and visitors. This is a customary and traditional conduct depicting their innate hospitality, carried out in and ilegant festivity and gaitey in a manner acceptable to Islamic laws and principles. Generally, during paganamaranao, both the hosts and the guests are expectedly well dressed in maranao or tutubs, the maranao’s native dress. Maranao recipes are so rich that it talks about life itself. Suffice it to say that the recipes are intertwined with the life cycle rites and rituals of all aspects of maranao society and culture: from birth to death. In other words, food cannot be separated with daily life activities because food is life itself. III. CAUSES AND EFFECTS IN MARANAO CULTURE A. Causes of Maranao culture Maranao teenagers are easily attracted to modern lifestyle. There are lot of thing that get their attraction and they can’t stop their temptation. They are also being influenced by the new technology. Having lack of information and interest to the culture. B. Effect in Maranao culture Many things had change in Maranao culture. They way how Maranao dress up, the way they talk, and also the way they act. As times pass by, Maranao people forget their culture and practices. Nowadays, a Maranao teenager keeps imitating modern lifestyle. You can barely see Maranao teenagers girls wearing a â€Å"Kumbong or Veil† they even wear sexy dresses, compare before Maranao, girls are so polite and shyly, you can see them everywhere. But now, Maranao girls are so careless in their moves. They even hang out with boys. Before having a special relationship (boyfriend/girlfriend) is not allowed to the Maranao culture. You can be with the person you unless you are married. Parental is being followed by the Maranao people before, it’s a tradition but now parents actually had given the freedom to their children/ child to choose the person whom they want to be with. As generation pass by, maranao people seems to forget some of their practices like playing kulintang or other Maranao instruments. Nowadays, we can safely say that only 3 out of 10 Maranao teenagers are willing to learn Maranao practices (like playing kulintang or dance kapamalong malong, singkil, and etc. ) they chose to learn modern dances, and play instruments like guitars, drum, piano, and etc. which is a lot of different from before. IV. RESURLT ACCORDING TO SURVEY Based on our research, this is the result of the following question answered by the Maranao youth. These will show their opinions about how the modern life affects the moral value of Maranaos. Questions have shown by chart to clarify the percentage of the majority answers by the interviewees. 1. Has the modern life effect the moral value of the Maranaos? One of our basic questions was how the modern life effects the moral value of the Maranaos. The chart below shows the answer percentage of the youth we had surveyed, 90% of them answered yes while only 10% answered no. Obviously, the major answer is saying that the modern life is usually affecting the moral value of the Maranao culture. 2. Does it ruin some of the Maranao customs? Secondly, is a question about how does the modern life ruin some of the Maranao customs, 80% of them answered yes while 20% answered no. Therefore, the major answer is saying that the modern life ruin some of the Maranao customs. 3. Do you think wearing hijab nowadays matter? The question about how wearing hijab nowadays matter, 50% of the Maranao youth answered yes and the same 50% also answered no. Therefore, the result is averagely fair for the people. 4. Do you think Maranao women care for how they are treated now in the society? Base on the chart below, the pole is saying that most of the Maranao women do not care on how they are treated now in the society. 5. Do you think the Maranao youth today still knows the rituals practiced by the ancestors? 6. Do you think the modern world greatly increases the possibility for the Maranao youth to change? Another question was asking the youth if there is a possibility for Maranao youth to change. Majority answered yes, there still a chance for maranao to change while only 40% said no. 7. Do you think still some of the generation today knows how to dance Maranao tribal dances? The ideas of the youth we had interviewed emphasized on the chart below that the generation today mostly do not know how to dance the Maranao tribal dances. 8. Do you think the generations of today are interested in participating how to use maranao instrument? The same as in the question no. 7, the majority answer of the youth is no. Generation today is not interested in participating how to use maranao instrument. 9. Do you think the generation of today also cares about studying how the industry of maranao arts and crafts work? Another one, the answer of the youth on our question â€Å"do you think the generation of today also cares about studying how the industry of Maranao arts and crafts work† is no. Meaning, it is true that most of the Maranaos today is not interested studying the Maranao arts and crafts. V. CONCLUSION Therefore, Maranao culture was affected by this life changing. Through temptation and imitations, Maranaos are easily attracted to other things that can cause of this affection unlike the recipes, fashion, and style in Maranao culture little by little forgotten it. And also influenced by the new technology not only modern technology that we influence others but we do dress we have forgotten its own tradition in fashion and as well as the behaviors. Nowadays they should be aware to this problem. Unfortunately, protect our culture while not too late, apparently, because we have neglected our culture to what we see in others. This way it will not completely forget the customary tradition.